Note that it is possible to ship containers with configuration files and environment variables. Because Wasm imports can be virtualized (i.e.you could choose to fulfill a file-fetching interface completely or partially by composing two components together), it is possible to build a WebAssembly binary with what you need bundled.

Also, just because you could does not mean you should -- most of the time you don't want to inject environment variables or configurations that could contain secrets until runtime.