CSS zen garden worked because you had people writing different styles for a single HTML document. How would you write styles for every site? Sure CSS does colors, but it also does a lot of other stuff that isn't easily transferrable between websites.
Me too, although I use bookmarklets instead of extensions.
A bookmarklet can change images too.
We would just have to decide on an algorigthm for the images.
For example here on HN - the algo could detect the similarity between the orange in the title bar and the orange in the Logo. And change the logo accordingly.
Or the site could add some semantic info on how the colors should behave.
Or even an OS-level feature like it currently is on MacOS. It is very convenient to change the mode globally and have all your apps, including browser, IDE, email, etc. change as well.
In a broader sense, the whole design of a site could be selectable via the browser. Similar to how CSS Zengarden works:
https://www.csszengarden.com
But with layouts that are stored on the user's computer and applicable to every website.